Name _______________________ Class _____
1. Define these words:
| matter |
|
| atom |
|
| element |
|
| compound |
|
| molecule |
|
| glucose |
|
| ions |
|
| enzyme |
|
| mixture |
|
| solution |
|
| suspension |
|
| organic compound |
|
| inorganic compound |
2. Is air an example of matter? __________
3. Draw an oxygen atom and label the parts. Indicate a positive charge with + and a negative charge with -.
Oxygen Atom
4. Where is energy in matter stored? ______________________________________
5. More than _____elements occur naturally on earth.
6. Atoms are usually what charge? ____________
7. Using an outline of the human body, label the elements and their percents that compose our body.| Elements of the Body |
8. There are two ways atoms of elements can combine to form compounds:
a._______________________________________
b._______________________________________
9. Give the formula for table salt. ________________
10. Explain how a sodium atom and a chlorine atom are attracted to each other to form a salt molecule:
a. What does sodium have in its outer energy level?
______________________________________________________________
b. Describe chlorine’s outer energy level?
______________________________________________________________
c. Explain how the two elements combine.
______________________________________________________________
11. How is a mixture different from a compound? _________________________
_____________________________________________________________
12. Give 2 examples of mixtures: a. _________________ b. ________________
13. What is the main difference between a solution and a suspension? ________
_____________________________________________________________________
14. How do organic and inorganic compounds differ? ______________________
______________________________________________________________
15. Name the four groups of organic compounds that make up all living things, and give examples of each:
| Organic Compounds |
||||
| Examples |
16. Define these words:
| diffusion |
|
| equilibrium |
|
| osmosis |
|
| passive transport |
|
| active transport |
|
| endocytosis |
|
| exocytosis |
17. Complete the table below as you observe the activities:
| Principle |
Activity |
Explanation |
| Raw potato slices in plain water and salt water |
||
| Mesh bag with different sized materials |
||
| Beaker of water and food coloring |
||
| Wilted celery |
||
| Egg in vinegar and in corn syrup |
18. How are osmosis and diffusion alike?________________________________
19. How are they different?___________________________________________
20. Explain how spraying with water keeps fruits and vegetables fresh in the produce section of the grocery store. ________________________________
______________________________________________________________
21. In what way are cell membranes selectively permeable? ________________
______________________________________________________________
22. Complete the table on types of cell transport?
| Type of transport |
Explanation |
Example |
| Passive transport |
Water passing through the cell membrane |
|
| Another form of passive transport, large molecules enter with help of transport protein molecules embedded in the cell membrane |
||
| Active transport |
||
| A larger molecule enters the cell when part of the cell membrane folds around it to enclose it in a sphere that will go into the cytoplasm |
||
| Phagocytosis |
A one-celled organism called an amoeba, surround and ingest food |
|
| Material inside a cell is surrounded by a membrane, moved to the cell membrane to become part of the cell membrane, and the contents released |
Energy in Cells (p.78)
23. Define these words:
| metabolism |
|
| producer |
|
| consumer |
|
| photosynthesis |
|
| respiration |
|
| fermentation |
24. Producers use some of the glucose they make, and the rest is stored as
___________________ and _________________.
25. That stored energy is eaten by ____________________.
26. To release that energy so it can be used, glucose is broken down inside each
cell in the _______________________.
27. _____________ are found at the beginning of every food chain.
28. Copy the chart on page 79.
| Photosynthesis: |
| Respiration: |
29. Make a table that compares and contrasts respiration and fermentation.
| Respiration |
Fermentation |
|
Needed at the start |
||
Amount of oxygen |
||
| How much energy is released? |
30. Where does fermentation take place? _______________________________
31. What material causes overworked muscles to burn and to be sore and stiff?
________________
32. Explain how the small holes develop in bread. _________________________
______________________________________________________________
Energy from Biomass (p. 84)
33. Define these words:
| biomass |
|
| ethanol |
|
| gasohol |
|
| biogas |
34. Give 6 examples of biomass: _____________, ___________, ___________,
____________, ____________, _______________
35. The chemical energy in the organic biomass comes from what? ___________