Prairie Dock    Silphium terebinthinaceum


Description: The Prairie Dock is a native, warm-seasons perennial herb belonging to the Compositae, or aster family. It is one of the four Illinois species of Silphium. The flowering stem usually reaches a height in excess of 2 meters.

 

Leaf: The leaves are a most distinctive part of this plant in that they are rough like sandpaper and are confined to the base of the plant. They are spade shaped blades, often more than 40 cm long and up to 30 cm wide.

 

Flower: The flower heads are in an open cluster at the top of the tall stalk. The numerous, yellow heads have both ray and disk flowers. They range from 3.5 to 8 cm broad. The rays number from 12 to 20’ per head.

 

Blooming months: July-September

 

Stem:  A smooth, shiny, nearly leafless 2- to 10’-tall stalk.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

June 6

 

 

 

Discussion: This species forms a gum or rosin which is used in various ways. It was chewed by early settlers as a gum. In open prairies, the leaves of Prairie Dock often orient themselves along a north-south axis, facilitating maximum leaf exposure to sunlight.

 

Distribution: This species is a characteristic plant of prairies. Prairie Dock ranges throughout most of the Midwest, but des not occur west of Iowa. 

 

Native or Introduced to Illinois: Native

 

Location: N41048.677’ W089040.972’

 

Copyright: © 2004 Nancy Trainor, Challand Middle School, Sterling, Illinois

                                ntrainor@sterlingschools.org

References:

Keller, Carolyn. Prairie Plants of Whiteside County, Whiteside IL County Natural Area Guardians, 1991.

Ladd, Doug. Tallgrass Prairie Wildflowers, The Nature Conservancy, 1995.

Peterson, Roger Tory. Wildflowers Northeastern/North Central North America, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1968.

Mohlenbroch, Robert H., and John W. Voigt. Prairie Plants of Illinois, Department of Conservation.

http://plants.usda.gov/

 

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